Njengoba wonke umuntu azi, i-sterilizer iyisitsha sokucindezela esivaliwe, ngokuvamile esenziwe ngensimbi engagqwali noma insimbi yekhabhoni. EShayina, kunezitsha zokucindezela ezingaba yizigidi ezingu-2.3 ezisetshenziswayo, phakathi kwazo ukugqwala kwensimbi kuvelele kakhulu, okuye kwaba yisithiyo esikhulu kanye nemodi yokwehluleka ethinta ukusebenza okuzinzile kwesikhathi eside kwezitsha zokucindezela. Njengohlobo lwesitsha sokucindezela, ukukhiqizwa, ukusetshenziswa, ukugcinwa kanye nokuhlolwa kwesithambisi akunakunakwa. Ngenxa yesenzakalo esiyinkimbinkimbi sokugqwala kanye nendlela yokusebenza, izinhlobo kanye nezici zokugqwala kwensimbi kuhlukile ngaphansi kwethonya lezinto zokwakha, izici zemvelo kanye nezimo zokucindezeleka. Okulandelayo, ake sihlole izenzakalo eziningana ezivamile zokugqwala kwezitsha zokucindezela:
1. Ukugqwala okuphelele (okwaziwa nangokuthi ukugqwala okufanayo), okuyisenzakalo esibangelwa ukugqwala kwamakhemikhali noma ukugqwala kwe-electrochemical, indawo egqwalisayo ingafinyelela kuzo zonke izingxenye zobuso bensimbi ngokulinganayo, ukuze ukwakheka kwensimbi kanye nokuhleleka kube yizimo ezifanayo, ubuso bensimbi bonke bugqwala ngesivinini esifanayo. Emikhunjini yokucindezela yensimbi engagqwali, endaweni egqwalisayo enenani eliphansi le-PH, ifilimu yokudlulisa ingase ilahlekelwe umphumela wayo wokuvikela ngenxa yokuqhekeka, bese kwenzeka ukugqwala okuphelele. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukugqwala okuphelele okubangelwa ukugqwala kwamakhemikhali noma ukugqwala kwe-electrochemical, isici esivamile ukuthi kunzima ukwakha ifilimu yokudlulisa evikelayo ebusweni bezinto ngesikhathi senqubo yokugqwala, futhi imikhiqizo yokugqwala ingancibilika endaweni, noma yakhe i-oxide evulekile enezimbobo, eqinisa inqubo yokugqwala. Umonakalo wokugqwala okuphelele awukwazi ukuncishiswa: okokuqala, kuzoholela ekunciphiseni indawo yokucindezela yento ethwala imithambo yokucindezela, okungabangela ukuvuza kokubhoboka, noma ngisho nokuqhekeka noma ukukhuhla ngenxa yamandla anganele; Okwesibili, enkambisweni yokugqwala okuphelele kwe-electrochemical, ukusabela kokunciphisa i-H+ kuvame ukuhambisana, okungabangela ukuthi izinto zigcwaliswe yi-hydrogen, bese kuholela ekuqhekekeni kwe-hydrogen nezinye izinkinga, okuyisona sizathu esenza imishini idinga ukukhishwa i-hydrogen ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kokushisela.
2. Ukugqwala kwemigodi kuyinto yokugqwala kwendawo eqala ebusweni bensimbi bese ikhula ngaphakathi ukuze yakhe umgodi wokugqwala omise okwembobo encane. Endaweni ethile yemvelo, ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, imigodi eqoshiwe noma imigodi ingavela ebusweni bensimbi, futhi le migodi eqoshiwe izoqhubeka nokukhula iye ekujuleni ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Nakuba ukwehla kwesisindo sensimbi kokuqala kungaba kuncane, ngenxa yesivinini esisheshayo sokugqwala kwendawo, imishini kanye nezindonga zamapayipi kuvame ukubhoboka, okuholela ezingozini ezingazelelwe. Kunzima ukuhlola ukugqwala kwemigodi ngoba umgodi wokugqwala mncane ngobukhulu futhi uvame ukumbozwa yimikhiqizo yokugqwala, ngakho-ke kunzima ukulinganisa nokuqhathanisa izinga lokugqwala ngokwenani. Ngakho-ke, ukugqwala kwemigodi kungabhekwa njengenye yezinhlobo zokugqwala ezibhubhisayo nezinonya kakhulu.
3. Ukugqwala kwe-intergranular kuyinto yokugqwala kwendawo eyenzeka eduze noma eduze komngcele wokusanhlamvu, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yomehluko phakathi kobuso bokusanhlamvu kanye nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali angaphakathi, kanye nokuba khona kokungcola komngcele wokusanhlamvu noma ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi. Nakuba ukugqwala kwe-intergranular kungase kungabonakali ezingeni le-macro, uma kwenzeka, amandla ezinto alahleka cishe ngokushesha, okuvame ukuholela ekwehlulekeni okungazelelwe kwemishini ngaphandle kwesixwayiso. Okubi nakakhulu, ukugqwala kwe-intergranular kuguqulwa kalula kube ukuqhekeka kwe-intergranular stress corrosion, okuba umthombo wokuqhekeka kwe-stress corrosion.
4. Ukugqwala kwegebe kuyinto yokugqwala eyenzeka endaweni encane (ububanzi buvame ukuba phakathi kuka-0.02-0.1mm) eyakhiwe ebusweni bensimbi ngenxa yezinto zangaphandle noma izizathu zesakhiwo. Lezi zikhala kudingeka zibe zincane ngokwanele ukuvumela uketshezi ukuthi lungene futhi lume, ngaleyo ndlela kuhlinzeke izimo zokugqwala kwegebe. Ezisetshenzisweni ezisebenzayo, amajoyinti e-flange, izindawo zokucindezela amantongomane, amajoyinti e-lap, imithungo yokuwelda engaxhunyelwanga, imifantu, ama-slag okuwelda angahlanzwanga futhi abekwe ebusweni bensimbi yesikali, ukungcola, njll., kungaba izikhala, okuholela ekugqwaleni kwegebe. Lolu hlobo lokugqwala kwendawo luvamile futhi lubhubhisa kakhulu, futhi lungalimaza ubuqotho bokuxhumana kwemishini kanye nokuqina kwemishini, okuholela ekwehlulekeni kwemishini ngisho nasezingozini ezibhubhisayo. Ngakho-ke, ukuvimbela nokulawula ukugqwala kwe-crevice kubaluleke kakhulu, futhi kudingeka ukulungiswa nokuhlanza imishini njalo.
5. Ukugqwala kokucindezeleka kubala u-49% wezinhlobo zokugqwala eziphelele zazo zonke izitsha, okubonakala ngomphumela wokubambisana kokucindezeleka okuqondiswe ngqo kanye nendawo egqwalisayo, okuholela ekuqhekekeni okuqhekekayo. Lolu hlobo lokuqhekeka lungakhula hhayi kuphela emngceleni wokusanhlamvu, kodwa futhi nangaphakathi kokusanhlamvu uqobo. Ngokuthuthuka okujulile kwemifantu kuya ngaphakathi kwensimbi, kuzoholela ekwehleni okukhulu kwamandla esakhiwo sensimbi, futhi kwenze ngisho nemishini yensimbi yonakale ngokuzumayo ngaphandle kwesixwayiso. Ngakho-ke, ukuqhekeka okubangelwa ukugqwala kokucindezeleka (SCC) kunezici zokubhubhisa okungazelelwe nokunamandla, uma ukuqhekeka sekwakheke, izinga lokunwebeka kwalo lishesha kakhulu futhi akukho sixwayiso esibalulekile ngaphambi kokuhluleka, okuyindlela eyingozi kakhulu yokuhluleka kwemishini.
6. Isenzakalo sokugcina esivamile sokugqwala ukugqwala kokukhathala, okubhekisela enkambisweni yomonakalo oqhubekayo ebusweni bezinto kuze kube yilapho kuqhekeka ngaphansi kwesenzo esihlangene sokucindezeleka okushintshanayo kanye nendawo egqwalisayo. Umphumela ohlangene wokugqwala nokucindezeleka okushintshanayo kwezinto kwenza isikhathi sokuqala kanye nezikhathi zomjikelezo wokuqhekeka kokukhathala zifinyezwe ngokusobala, futhi ijubane lokusabalala kokuqhekeka landa, okuholela ekunciphiseni kakhulu umkhawulo wokukhathala kwezinto zensimbi. Lesi simo asigcini nje ngokusheshisa ukwehluleka kokuqala kwesici sokucindezela semishini, kodwa futhi senza impilo yenkonzo yesitsha sokucindezela esakhiwe ngokwemigomo yokukhathala ibe ngaphansi kakhulu kunalokho obekulindelwe. Enkambisweni yokusebenzisa, ukuze kuvinjelwe izimo ezahlukahlukene zokugqwala njengokugqwala kokukhathala kwemikhumbi yokucindezela yensimbi engagqwali, izinyathelo ezilandelayo kufanele zithathwe: njalo ezinyangeni ezi-6 ukuhlanza ngokuphelele ingaphakathi lethangi lokubulala amagciwane, ithangi lamanzi ashisayo kanye neminye imishini; Uma ubunzima bamanzi buphezulu futhi imishini isetshenziswa amahora angaphezu kwangu-8 ngosuku, ihlanzwa njalo ezinyangeni ezi-3.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-19-2024