Ukungazali kokudla okusemathinini kwezentengiselwano kubhekisela esimweni esingenazo izifo lapho kungekho khona izinto eziphilayo ezibangela izifo kanye nezinto eziphilayo ezingezona izifo ezingazala ekudleni okusemathinini ngemva kokuba ukudla okusemathinini sekuthole ukwelashwa kokuhlanza okulinganiselwe kokushisa, kuyinto ebalulekile ukuze ukudla okusemathinini kufinyelele isikhathi eside sokuphila eshalofini ngesisekelo sokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kokudla kanye nekhwalithi. Ukungazali kokudla okusemathinini kwezentengiselwano ekuhlolweni kwezinto eziphilayo zokudla kubonakala ngokungazali okulinganiselwe, ukungabi nazinto eziphilayo ezibangela izifo, kanye nokungabi nazinto eziphilayo ezingazalana emathinini ekushiseni kwegumbi.
Ukuze kufezwe amazinga amukelekayo okungcola kwezentengiselwano, inqubo yokukhiqiza ukudla okusemathinini ivame ukufaka izinqubo ezifana nokwelashwa kwangaphambili kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, ukukufaka emathinini, ukuvala, ukuhlanza kahle, kanye nokupakishwa. Abakhiqizi abanobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obuthuthukisiwe kanye nezidingo zokulawula ikhwalithi ephezulu banezinqubo zokukhiqiza eziyinkimbinkimbi neziphelele.
Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlola ukungabi namagciwane okusemathinini ekuhlolweni kwe-microbiology yokudla buphelele, futhi ukuhlaziywa kwenqubo yalo ethile kusiza ekusetshenzisweni kangcono kwalobu buchwepheshe emisebenzini engokoqobo ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kokudla okusemathinini. Inqubo ethile yokuhlolwa kokungabi namagciwane okusemathinini ekuhlolweni kwe-microbiology yokudla yile elandelayo (ezinye izinhlangano zokuhlola eziqinile zeqembu lesithathu zingase zibe nezinto eziningi zokuhlola):
1. Isiko lamagciwane asemathinini
Ukukhuliswa kwamagciwane asemathinini kungenye yezinqubo ezibalulekile ekuhlolweni kokungcola kokudla okusemathinini. Ngokukhulisa ngobungcweti okuqukethwe amasampula asemathinini, kanye nokuhlola nokuhlola amakoloni amagciwane akhuliswe, izingxenye zamagciwane ekudleni okusemathinini zingahlolwa.
Ama-microorganism avamile abangela izifo emathinini afaka phakathi kodwa awagcini ngamabhaktheriya athanda ukushisa, njenge-Bacillus stearothermophilus, i-Bacillus coagulans, i-Clostridium saccharolyticus, i-Clostridium niger, njll.; amabhaktheriya e-mesophilic anaerobic, njenge-botulinum toxin i-Clostridium, i-Clostridium spoilage, i-Clostridium butyricum, i-Clostridium pasteurinum, njll.; amabhaktheriya e-aerobic e-Mesophilic, njenge-Bacillus subtilis, i-Bacillus cereus, njll.; Amabhaktheriya angakhiqizi i-spore njenge-Escherichia coli, i-Streptococcus, i-yeast And mold, i-mold engamelani nokushisa nokunye. Ngaphambi kokwenza ukukhuliswa kwamabhaktheriya emathinini, qiniseka ukuthi ulinganisa i-pH yethini ukuze ukhethe indawo efanele.
2. Ukusampula kwezinto zokuhlola
Indlela yokwenza isampula ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukusampula izinto zokuhlola zokudla okusemathinini. Uma kuhlolwa amaqoqo amakhulu okudla okusemathinini, ukusampula ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngokwezici ezifana nomkhiqizi, uphawu lokuhweba, uhlobo, umthombo wokudla okusemathinini noma isikhathi sokukhiqiza. Kumathini angajwayelekile njengamathini agqwalile, amathini aphumile, ama-dents, kanye nokuvuvukala ekujikelezeni kwabathengisi nezindawo zokugcina impahla, ukusampula okuthile ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngokwezimo. Kuyimfuneko eyisisekelo yokusampula izinto zokuhlola ukukhetha indlela efanele yokusampula ngokwezimo zangempela, ukuze kutholakale izinto zokuhlola ezibonisa ikhwalithi yokudla okusemathinini.
3. Bhukha isampula
Ngaphambi kokugcinwa kwesampula, kudingeka imisebenzi efana nokukala, ukugcina kufudumele, kanye nokuvula amathini. Kala isisindo esiphelele sethini ngokwehlukana, kuye ngohlobo lwethini, sidinga ukuba sinembile ku-1g noma ku-2g. Uma sihlanganiswe ne-pH kanye nokushisa, amathini agcinwa ekushiseni okulinganayo izinsuku eziyi-10; amathini anamafutha noma avuzayo ngesikhathi senqubo kufanele akhethwe ngokushesha ukuze ahlolwe. Ngemva kokuba inqubo yokugcina ukushisa isiphelile, beka ithini ekushiseni kwegumbi ukuze livuleke lingenamagciwane. Ngemva kokuvula ithini, sebenzisa amathuluzi afanele ukuthatha u-10-20 mg wokuqukethwe kusenesikhathi esimweni esingenamagciwane, ukudlulisele esitsheni esihlanziwe, bese ukukugcina esiqandisini.
4.Isiko lokudla okune-asidi ephansi
Ukutshala ukudla okune-asidi ephansi kudinga izindlela ezikhethekile: ukutshala umhluzi onsomi we-brompotasium ku-36 °C, ukutshala umhluzi onsomi we-brompotasium ku-55 °C, kanye nokutshala inyama ephekiwe ku-36 °C. Imiphumela iyagcotshwa futhi idaywe, futhi ukuhlolwa okunembe kakhulu kuhlelwa ngemuva kokuhlolwa nge-microscope, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba okuqondile kokuhlolwa kokuhlonza izinhlobo zamagciwane ekudleni okune-asidi ephansi. Lapho utshala endaweni, gxila ekubhekeni ukukhiqizwa kwe-asidi kanye nokukhiqizwa kwegesi kwamakholoni amagciwane endaweni, kanye nokubukeka nombala wamakholoni, ukuze kuqinisekiswe uhlobo oluthile lwamagciwane ekudleni.
5. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Microscopic
Ukuhlolwa kwe-microscopic smear kuyindlela yokuhlola esetshenziswa kakhulu yokuhlola ukungabi namagciwane kwezentengiselwano ezisemathinini, okudinga abahloli bekhwalithi abanolwazi ukuthi baqede. Endaweni engenamagciwane, usebenzisa umsebenzi we-aseptic, gcoba uketshezi lwebhaktheriya lwezilokazane ezincane eziqukethwe kumasampula asemathinini akhuliswe ekushiseni okungaguquki endaweni, bese ubheka ukubonakala kwamabhaktheriya ngaphansi kwe-microscope enamandla aphezulu, ukuze kutholakale izinhlobo zezilokazane ezincane oketshezini lwebhaktheriya. Ukuhlola, nokuhlela isinyathelo esilandelayo sokukhuliswa okucwengisisiwe kanye nokuhlonza ukuze kuqinisekiswe uhlobo lwebhaktheriya oluqukethwe ethini. Lesi sinyathelo sidinga ikhwalithi yobungcweti ephezulu kakhulu yabahloli, futhi sesibe yisixhumanisi esingahlola kangcono ulwazi lobuchwepheshe namakhono abahloli.
6. Ukuhlolwa kokutshala kokudla okune-asidi ene-pH engaphansi kuka-4.6
Kokudla okune-acid enenani le-pH elingaphansi kuka-4.6, ukuhlolwa kwamagciwane anobuthi ekudleni ngokuvamile akusadingeki. Enqubweni ethile yokulima, ngaphezu kokusebenzisa izinto zomhluzi one-acid njengendlela yokulima, kuyadingeka futhi ukusebenzisa umhluzi we-malt extract njengendlela yokulima. Ngokugcoba nokuhlola okuncane kwamakholoni amagciwane akhuliswe, izinhlobo zamagciwane ezitsheni ze-acid zinganqunywa, ukuze kwenziwe ukuhlolwa okunengqondo nokuyiqiniso kokuphepha kokudla kwamathini e-acid.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-10-2022