Ubunyumba bezentengiselwano bokudla okusemathinini bubhekisela esimweni esiyinyumba kuqhathaniswa lapho kungekho khona amagciwane e-pathogenic kanye nama-non-pathogenic microorganisms angakwazi ukuzala ekudleni okusemathinini ngemva kokuba ukudla okusemathinini sekuthole ukwelashwa kokushisa kokushisa okulinganiselwe, kuyimfuneko ebalulekile yokudla okusemathinini ukuze kuzuzwe. impilo yeshelufu ende ngesisekelo sokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kokudla kanye nekhwalithi. Ubunyumba bezentengiselwano bokudla okusemathinini ekuhlolweni kwe-microbiological yokudla kubonakala ngobunyumba obuhlobene, awekho ama-microorganisms e-pathogenic, futhi awekho ama-microorganisms angaphindaphinda emathini ekamelweni lokushisa.
Ukuze kuzuzwe izindinganiso ezamukelekayo zokungabi namagciwane kwezohwebo, inqubo yokukhiqiza ukudla okusemathinini ngokuvamile ihlanganisa izinqubo ezifana nokwelashwa kwangaphambili kwempahla eluhlaza, ukufaka emathinini, ukuvala, ukuvala inzalo okufanele, kanye nokupakishwa. Abakhiqizi abanobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obusezingeni eliphezulu kanye nezidingo zokulawula ikhwalithi ephezulu banezinqubo zokukhiqiza eziyinkimbinkimbi neziphelele.
Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlola ubunyumba obufakwe ethini ekuhlolweni kwe-microbiological yokudla sebuphelele, futhi ukuhlaziya inqubo yayo ethile kusiza ekusebenziseni kangcono lobu buchwepheshe ekusebenzeni okungokoqobo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kokudla kokudla okusemathinini. Inqubo ethize yokuhlolwa kokungabi namagciwane okufakwe ethini ekuhlolweni kwe-microbiological yokudla imi kanje (amanye ama-ejensi okuhlola aqinile ezinkampani zangaphandle angase abe nezinto zokuhlola ezengeziwe):
1. Isiko lebhaktheriya ekheniwe
Isiko lebhaktheriya elisethini ingenye yezinqubo ezibalulekile ekuhloleni ubunyumba bezentengiselwano bokudla okusemathinini. Ngokuhlakulela ngobungcweti okuqukethwe kwamasampula ethini, nokuhlola nokuhlola amakoloni amagciwane akhulisiwe, izakhi ze-microbial ekudleni okusemathinini zingahlolwa.
Ama-microorganisms avamile we-pathogenic emathini ahlanganisa kodwa awakhawulelwe kumabhaktheriya e-thermophilic, njenge-Bacillus stearothermophilus, i-Bacillus coagulans, i-Clostridium saccharolyticus, i-Clostridium niger, njll.; amagciwane e-mesophilic anaerobic, njenge-botulinum toxin Clostridium, i-Clostridium spoilage, i-Clostridium butyricum, i-Clostridium pasteurianum, njll.; amagciwane e-Mesophilic aerobic, njenge-Bacillus subtilis, i-Bacillus cereus, njll.; Amagciwane angakhiqizi ama-spore afana ne-Escherichia coli, i-Streptococcus, imvubelo Kanye nesikhunta, isikhunta esimelana nokushisa nokunye. Ngaphambi kokwenza isiko lebhaktheriya ekheniwe, qiniseka ukuthi ulinganisa i-pH yethini ukuze ukhethe indawo efanelekile.
2. Ukusampula kwezinto zokuhlola
Indlela yesampula ivamise ukusetshenziselwa ukusampula kwezinto zokuhlola zokudla okusemathinini. Lapho kuhlolwa amaqoqo amakhulu okudla okusemathinini, ukusampula kuvame ukwenziwa ngokuya ngezinto ezifana nomkhiqizi, uphawu lokuhweba, izinhlobonhlobo, umthombo wokudla okusemathinini noma isikhathi sokukhiqiza. Kumathini angavamile njengamakani agqwalile, amathini acishiwe, amazinyo, nokuvuvukala okusatshalaliswa ngabathengisi nezindawo zokugcina impahla, amasampula athile ngokuvamile ayenziwa ngokuya ngesimo. Kuyisidingo esiyisisekelo sokuthathwa kwesampula kwezinto zokuhlola ukukhetha indlela yesampula efanele ngokuya ngesimo sangempela, ukuze kutholwe izinto zokuhlola ezibonisa ikhwalithi yokudla okusemathinini.
3. Gcina isampula
Ngaphambi kokugcinwa kwesampula, imisebenzi efana nokukala, ukugcina ukufudumala, nokuvula amathini kuyadingeka. Kala isisindo senetha lekani ngokuhlukana, kuye ngohlobo lwekani, lidinga ukunemba libe ngu-1g noma 2g. Ehlanganiswe ne-pH kanye nezinga lokushisa, amathini agcinwa ekushiseni okungashintshi izinsuku ezingu-10; amathini akhuluphele noma avuzayo ngesikhathi senqubo kufanele akhethwe ngokushesha ukuze ahlolwe. Ngemuva kokuthi inqubo yokulondoloza ukushisa isiphelile, beka ithini ekamelweni lokushisa ukuze uvule i-aseptic. Ngemva kokuvula ikani, sebenzisa amathuluzi afanele ukuthatha u-10-20 mg wokuqukethwe kusengaphambili esimweni esingenalutho, ukudlulisele esitsheni esifakwe inzalo, bese usigcina esiqandisini.
4.Isiko lokudla okune-asidi ephansi
Ukutshala ukudla okune-asidi ephansi kudinga izindlela ezikhethekile: ukutshalwa komhluzi we-brompotassium onsomi ku-36 °C, ukutshalwa komhluzi we-brompotassium onsomi ku-55 °C, nokutshalwa kwenyama ephekiwe ku-36 °C. Imiphumela iyagcotshwa futhi ingcoliswe, futhi ukuhlolwa okunembe kakhudlwana kuhlelwa ngemva kokuhlolwa kwe-microscopic, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba okuhlosiwe kokuhlolwa kokuhlonza izinhlobo zebhaktheriya ekudleni okune-asidi ephansi. Lapho utshala endaweni ephakathi, gxila ekubhekeni ukukhiqizwa kwe-asidi kanye nokukhiqizwa kwegesi kwamakoloni amagciwane endaweni ephakathi, kanye nokubukeka nombala wamakoloni, ukuze uqinisekise izinhlobo ezithile ze-microbial ekudleni.
5. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Microscopic
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Microscopic smear kuyindlela yokuhlola evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu yokuhlolwa kobunyumba okusemathinini, okudinga ukuthi abahloli bekhwalithi abanolwazi baqedele. Endaweni eyinyumba, usebenzisa ukuhlinzwa kwe-aseptic, gcoba uketshezi lwebhaktheriya lwama-microorganisms aqukethwe kumasampula ethini akhuliswe ngokushisa okungaguquki phakathi nendawo, futhi ubheke ukubukeka kwamagciwane ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu esinamandla amakhulu, ukuze nquma izinhlobo zama-microorganisms oketshezi lwebhaktheriya. Ukuhlola, futhi uhlele isinyathelo esilandelayo sesiko elicolisisiwe kanye nokuhlonza ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokuqinisekisa uhlobo lwamabhaktheriya aqukethwe ethini. Lesi sinyathelo sidinga izinga eliphezulu kakhulu lochwepheshe labahloli, futhi sesiphinde saba isixhumanisi esingavivinya kangcono ulwazi lochwepheshe namakhono abahloli.
6. Ukuhlolwa kokutshalwa kokudla okune-asidi ene-pH engaphansi kuka-4.6
Ngokudla okune-acidic enenani le-pH elingaphansi kuka-4.6, ukuhlolwa kwamagciwane anoshevu wokudla ngokuvamile akusadingeki. Enqubweni ethile yokulima, ngaphezu kokusebenzisa i-asidi yomhluzi njengento ephakathi, kuyadingeka futhi ukusebenzisa umhluzi wokukhipha i-malt njengendlela yokulima. Ngokugcotshwa kanye nokuhlola okuncanyana kwamakoloni amagciwane akhulisiwe, izinhlobo zamabhaktheriya asemathinini aneasidi zinganqunywa, ukuze kuqhutshekwe kwenziwe ukuhlolwa okunenhloso kanye neqiniso kokuphepha kokudla kwamathini e-asidi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-10-2022