I-China Consumer Daily ibike (intatheli uLi Jian) Vula isivalo (isikhwama), sesilungele ukudliwa, sinambitheka kahle, futhi kulula ukusigcina. Ezikhathini zamuva nje, ukudla okusemathinini sekuyizinto okufanele ube nazo ezinhlwini zamasheya emizi eminingi. Kodwa-ke, inhlolovo yakamuva ye-inthanethi yabathengi abangaphezu kuka-200 eyenziwe yintatheli evela e-China Consumer News ibonise ukuthi ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngokuthi ukudla akukusha, kufanele kube nezivimbelakuvunda eziningi zengezwe, futhi balahlekelwe ukudla okunomsoco omningi, abantu abaningi banomqondo obanzi. umbono wokudla okusemathinini. "Ukuthandeka" empeleni akuphezulu kakhulu. Kodwa ingabe lokhu kungabaza kuyathetheleleka? Izwa ukuthi ochwepheshe besayensi yokudla bathini.
Amathini athambile, uke wezwa ngawo?
Enkathini yokushoda kwezinto, ukudla okusemathinini kwakujwayele ukunambitheka okuhlukile okugcwele "ukunethezeka". Ezinkumbulo eziningi ze-post-70s kanye ne-post-80s, ukudla okusemathinini kuwumkhiqizo onomsoco ongadliwa kuphela phakathi nemikhosi noma ukugula.
Ukudla okusemathinini kwake kwaba ukudla okuvamile etafuleni labantu abavamile. Cishe noma yikuphi ukudla kungafakwa ethini. Kuthiwa ukukhethwa kokudla okusemathinini kuhlukene, okungenza abantu bazizwe benothile ngedili eligcwele lamaManchurian.
Kodwa-ke, uma umbono wakho wokudla okusemathinini usesezingeni lezithelo, imifino, inhlanzi nenyama epakishwe emathinini noma emabhodleleni engilazi, kungase kube "okuphelelwe yisikhathi".
"Izinga Likazwelonke Lokuphepha Kokudla Lokudla Okusemathinini" lichaza ngokusobala ukudla okusemathinini njengokuthengisa okungajwayelekile okwenziwe ngezithelo, imifino, isikhunta esidliwayo, imfuyo kanye nenyama yenkukhu, izilwane zasemanzini, njll., ezicutshungulwa ngokuphathwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ukukheniwa, ukuvala, inzalo yokushisa nezinye izinqubo. Ukudla okusemathinini okunamagciwane.
USolwazi uWu Xiaomeng osiza eSikoleni SeSayensi Yokudla kanye Nobunjiniyela Bezokudla e-China Agricultural University uchaze engxoxweni nentatheli evela e-China Consumer News ukuthi incazelo yokudla okusemathinini iqala ukuvalwa, kanti okwesibili ukuzuza inzalo kwezohwebo. Ukupakisha ekusebenzisayo kungaba ukupakisha okuqinile okumelelwe amathini ensimbi endabuko noma amathini engilazi, noma ukupakisha okuguquguqukayo njengezikhwama ze-aluminium foil nezikhwama zokupheka ezinezinga eliphezulu lokushisa, okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi ukudla okusemathinini okuthambile. Isibonelo, izikhwama zemifino ezisezikhwameni ze-aluminium foil ekudleni okuhlukahlukene okuzifudumeza, noma izikhwama zokupheka ezijwayelekile zokushisa ezijwayelekile njengezingcezu zenyama yengulube e-Sichuan-flavour kanye namashreds engulube anokunambitheka kwenhlanzi, konke kungokwesigaba sokudla okusemathinini.
Cishe ngo-2000, njengesigaba sokuqala sezimboni embonini yokudla, ukudla okusemathinini kancane kancane kwabhalwa ngokuthi “akunampilo”.
Ngo-2003, uhlu lwe "Top Ten Junk Foods Published by WHO" (ukudla okusemathinini kubalwe) lwalubhekwa kabanzi njenge-fuse yokubanda kokudla okusemathinini kubantu. Nakuba lolu hlu lwenziwe amanga ngokuphelele, ukudla okusemathinini, ikakhulukazi “ukudla okusemathinini aqinile” (okupakishwe ngezimbiza zensimbi noma zengilazi), kubonakala kunzima ukuvula igama-mfihlo labantu baseShayina.
Idatha ibonisa ukuthi nakuba ukukhiqizwa kokudla okusemathinini kwezwe lami kuqala emhlabeni, ukusetshenziswa komuntu ngamunye kokudla okusemathinini kungaphansi kwamakhilogremu angu-8, futhi abantu abaningi badla amabhokisi angaphansi kwamabili ngonyaka.
Ukudla ukudla okusemathinini kucishe kulingane nokudla izivimbelakuvunda? Lolu cwaningo oluncane lubonisa ukuthi u-69.68% wabaphenduli abavamile ukuthenga ukudla okusemathinini, kanti u-21.72% wabaphenduli bathenga ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, nakuba u-57.92% wabaphenduli bekholelwa ukuthi ukudla okusemathinini kulula ukukugcina futhi kulungele ukugcinwa ekhaya, u-32.58% wabaphenduli basakholelwa ukuthi ukudla okusemathinini kunesikhathi eside seshalofu futhi kufanele kube nezivimbelakuvunda eziningi.
Eqinisweni, ukudla okusemathinini kungokunye kokudla okumbalwa okungadingi noma ama-preservatives amancane.
"I-National Food Safety Standard for the Use of Food Additives" ibeka ukuthi ngaphezu kwe-bayberry ekheniwe (i-propionic acid kanye nosawoti wayo we-sodium ne-calcium kuvunyelwe ukwengezwa, inani eliphezulu elisetshenziswayo lingu-50 g/kg), amahlumela e-bamboo ethinini, i-sauerkraut, isikhunta esidliwayo namantongomane (okuvunyelwe ukwengeza i-Sulfur dioxide, inani eliphezulu lokusetshenziswa ngu-0.5 g/kg), inyama ekheniwe (i-nitrite ivunyelwe, ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu inani liyi-0.15 g/kg), lezi zinhlobo ezingu-6 zokudla okusemathinini zidinga imithamo ephansi kakhulu yezivimbelakuvunda ukubhekana nama-microorganisms athile, futhi okunye akukwazi ukungezwa. isilondolozi.
Ngakho-ke, iyini “inkathi eyiqhwa” yokudla okusemathinini evame ukugcinwa unyaka owodwa kuya kwemi-3 noma ngisho nangaphezulu ekamelweni lokushisa?
UWu Xiaomeng utshele intatheli ye-"China Consumer News" ukuthi ukudla okusemathinini empeleni kuvikelwa ngezindlela ezimbili zobuchwepheshe bokuvala inzalo kanye nokugcinwa okuvaliwe. Ezimweni eziningi, ukubola kokudla kuthintwa ama-microorganisms afana namagciwane kanye nesikhunta. Ukucubungula ukudla okusemathinini kusetshenziswa izindlela zokuvala inzalo ezifana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nokucindezela okuphezulu kungabangela inani elikhulu lalezi zinambuzane ukuba zife. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinqubo ezifana ne-exhaust kanye nokuvala zinganciphisa kakhulu ukungcoliswa kokudla. Okuqukethwe komoyampilo esitsheni kumisa ukukhula kwamanye ama-microorganisms angaba khona esitsheni, futhi kuvimbele ukudlula komoyampilo noma ama-microorganisms ngaphandle kwesiqukathi esingene esitsheni, iqinisekisa ukuphepha kokudla. Ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokucubungula ukudla, ubuchwepheshe obusha obufana nokuvala inzalo emkhathini okulawulwayo kanye nokuvalwa kwe-microwave kunesikhathi esifushane sokushisisa, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi, kanye nokuvala inzalo okusebenza kahle kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, akudingekile ukuba ukhathazeke ngama-preservatives amaningi emikhiqizweni ekheniwe. “Isayensi ethandwayo” kuyi-Internet yokuthi “ukudla ukudla okusemathinini cishe kulingana nokudla okulondoloziwe” ishaqisa ngokuphelele.
Ingabe ukudla okusemathinini kudala futhi kunomsoco?
Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi ngaphezu kokukhathazeka ngezivimbelakuvunda, u-24.43% wabaphenduli ukholelwa ukuthi ukudla okusemathinini bekukusha. Phakathi kwabaphenduli abangaphezu kuka-150 “abangavamile ukuthenga” futhi “abangalokothi bathenge” ukudla okusemathinini, u-77.62% wabaphenduli bakholelwa ukuthi ukudla okusemathinini akukusha.
Nakuba abanye abathengi sebeqalile ukucabanga ngokukhetha ukudla okusemathinini okulula ukukugcina ngenxa yezinto ezinjengokuvimbela nokulawula ubhubhane kanye nokuqoqwa kwempahla emakhaya, lokhu akukawushintshi umbono wabantu “ngokonakala” kwakho.
Eqinisweni, ukuvela kobuchwepheshe bokucubungula okusemathinini ngokwayo ukugcina ukudla kukusha.
UWu Xiaomeng uchaze ukuthi ukudla okufana nenyama nenhlanzi kuzokonakala ngokushesha uma kungacutshungulwa ngesikhathi. Uma imifino nezithelo kungacutshungulwa ngesikhathi ngemuva kokuthathwa, imisoco izoqhubeka nokulahleka. Ngakho-ke, amanye amabhrendi anochungechunge oluphelele lokuhlinzeka ngokuvamile akhetha isikhathi sokuvuthwa ngokukhiqizwa okukhulu kwezithako futhi azenze zibe zintsha, futhi yonke inqubo yokukhethwa kwempahla nokucubungula kuthatha amahora angaphansi kwayi-10. Akukho ukulahleka komsoco kunomzila izithako ezintsha eziwuthatha kusukela ekukhani, ekuthuthweni, ekuthengisweni, bese kuya esiqandisini somthengi.
Vele, amanye amavithamini anokubekezelela ukushisa okuphansi alahlekelwa ukushisa kwawo ngesikhathi sokukheniwa, kodwa imisoco eminingi iyagcinwa. Lokhu kulahlekelwa nakho akufani nokulahlekelwa izakhamzimba ezivela ezitshalweni zansuku zonke eziphekwe ekhaya.
Ngezinye izikhathi, ukudla okusemathinini kungase kube usizo ekugcineni amavithamini. Ngokwesibonelo, utamatisi osemathinini, nakuba ufakwe inzalo, iningi le-vitamin C lisekhona lapho liphuma embonini, futhi lizinzile. Esinye isibonelo izinhlanzi ezisemathinini. Ngemuva kokushisa okuphezulu nokucindezela okuphezulu, hhayi nje inyama namathambo ezinhlanzi ezithambile, kodwa futhi inani elikhulu le-calcium liyachithwa. Okuqukethwe kwe-calcium ebhokisini lezinhlanzi ezisemathinini kungase kube ngaphezu kwezikhathi ezingu-10 kunezinhlanzi ezintsha zesisindo esifanayo. I-iron, i-zinc, i-iodine, i-selenium namanye amaminerali ezinhlanzi ngeke ilahleke.
Kungani kungenakudla “okukhuluphele” okusemathinini
Ezimweni eziningi, kunconywa ukuthi abathengi baye ezitolo ezinkulu noma ezitolo ezinkulu ukuze bathenge imikhiqizo kubakhiqizi abavamile, futhi bahlulele ikhwalithi yokudla okusemathinini kusukela ezicini zokubukeka, ukupakishwa, ikhwalithi yezinzwa, ukulebula, nokufaka uphawu.
UWu Xiaomeng ukhumbuze ukuthi amathini amathini ensimbi avamile kufanele abe nesimo esiphelele, angabi nanguquko, angabi namonakalo, angabi namachashaza okugqwala, futhi isembozo esingaphansi kufanele singene ngaphakathi; isikhungo sesembozo sensimbi samathini ebhodlela lengilazi kufanele sicindezeleke kancane, futhi okuqukethwe kufanele kubhekwe ngomzimba webhodlela. Ukuma kufanele kuphelele, isobho licacile, futhi akukho ukungcola.
Isikhumbuzo esikhethekile siwukuthi uma uhlangabezana nezimo ezilandelayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kulinga kangakanani okuqukethwe kwekani, ungakudli.
Omunye ukheniwe "ukulalela amafutha", okungukuthi, ithangi lokunweba. Isizathu esiyinhloko sokunwetshwa kwekani ukuthi ingaphakathi lekani lingcoliswe ama-microorganisms futhi likhiqiza igesi. Lawa magesi anqwabelana ngezinga elithile, okuzoholela ekulimazeni kwekani. Ngakho-ke, ukudla okusemathinini "ukuthola isisindo", ifulegi elibomvu elicacile kakhulu ukuthi liye lahamba kabi.
Okwesibili, iphakheji esemathinini iyavuza futhi iyakhunta. Enqubweni yokugcinwa nokuthuthwa kwemikhiqizo ekheniwe, ngenxa yamaqhubu nezinye izizathu, ukupakishwa komkhiqizo kuzokhubazeka, futhi kuvuze komoya ocingweni lwesivalo sethini. Ukuvuza komoya kubangela ukuthi imikhiqizo esethini ihlangane nezwe langaphandle, futhi ama-microorganisms angase asebenzise ithuba lokungena.
Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi u-93.21% wabaphenduli babe nesinqumo esifanele salokhu. Kodwa-ke, cishe u-7% wabaphendulile ukholelwa ukuthi amaqhubu abenziwe ngesikhathi sokuthutha kwakungeyona inkinga enkulu, futhi bakhetha ukuthenga nokudla.
UWu Xiaomeng ukhumbuze ukuthi iningi lenyama esemathinini nezithelo nemifino akusindi kakhulu, futhi kuyanconywa ukuthi ukudle ngesikhathi esisodwa ngemuva kokuvula. Uma ungeke ukwazi ukuwuqeda, kufanele uwuthele koqweqwe lwawo, isitsha se-ceramic noma sepulasitiki, usivale nge-plastic wrap, usigcine esiqandisini, futhi ukudle ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ngokuqondene nesoso kashukela ethinini kanye nojamu, okuqukethwe ushukela kuvame ukuba ngu-40% -65%. Uma kuqhathaniswa, akulula ukuwohloka ngemva kokuvula, kodwa akufanele kube budedengu. Uma ungakwazi ukukudla konke ngesikhathi esisodwa, kufanele umboze imbiza, noma uyithele kwesinye isitsha bese uyivala ngepulasitiki, bese uyigcina esiqandisini, bese uzama ukuyidla zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbili noma ezintathu. Ekwindla nasebusika, ingagcinwa izinsuku ezimbalwa ezengeziwe.
Izixhumanisi Ezihlobene: I-Commercial Aseptic
Ukudla okusemathinini akuyona inyumba ngokuphelele, kodwa kuyinyumba ngokwentengiso. Inzalo yezentengiselwano ibhekisela esimweni lapho ukudla okusemathinini, ngemva kokuvala inzalo yokushisa okulinganiselwe, akuqukethe ama-microorganisms e-pathogenic, futhi akuqukethe ama-microorganisms angenayo i-pathogenic angaphindaphinda kuwo emazingeni okushisa avamile. Esimeni sohwebo se-aseptic, ukudla okusemathinini kungaqinisekiswa ukuthi kuphephile ukusetshenziswa.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-04-2023