I-China Concermer yansuku zonke ibike (intatheli uLi Jian) Vula isivalo (isikhwama), isilungele ukudla, ukunambitha okuhle, futhi kulula ukukugcina. Ezikhathini zamuva nje, ukudla okusemathinini sekuphenduke into okufanele ibe yinto ohlwini lwabaningi bezindlu. Kodwa-ke, inhlolovo yakamuva nje yabathengi abayi-200 yabathengi abangaphezu kuka-200 ngentatheli abathengi bakhombisa ukuthi ngenxa yokukhathazeka ukuthi ukudla akukusha, futhi kulahlekelwe kakhulu ukugcinwa, iningi labantu linombono ophelele wokudla okusemathinini. "Ukuthandwa" empeleni akuphezulu kakhulu. Kepha ingabe lokhu kungabaza kufanelekile ngempela? Yizwa ukuthi zithini ochwepheshe kwisayensi yokudla.
Amathini athambile, uke wezwa ngakho?
Esikhathini sokushoda okuhlobene kwezinto zokwakha, ukudla okusemathinini okusetshenziselwa ukunambitheka okuhlukile okugcwele "ukunethezeka". Ezinkumbulweni eziningi ze-post-70s kanye ne-post-80s, ukudla okusemathinini kungumkhiqizo wokudla okunempilo ongadliwa kuphela emicimbini noma izifo.
Ukudla okusemathinini kwakuwukudla okubusayo etafuleni elinengqondo labantu abajwayelekile. Cishe noma yikuphi ukudla kungafakwa emakheni. Kuthiwa ukukhethwa kokudla okusemathinini kuhlukile, okungenza abantu bakuzwe ukunemba komkhosi we-manchurian ogcwele.
Kodwa-ke, uma umbono wakho wokudla okusemathinini usesezingeni lezithelo, imifino, inhlanzi nenyama efakwe ku-tin cans noma amabhodlela engilazi, kungahle kube "kuphelelwe yisikhathi".
"I-National Food Security Standard yokudla okusemathinini" ichaza kahle ukudla okusemathinini njengokudla okujwayelekile kwezentengiselwano okwenziwe ngezithelo, imifino, imfucumfucu, izilwane ezisebenzayo, ezisetshenziswayo zokushisa kanye nezinye izinqubo nezinye izinqubo nezinye izinqubo nezinye izinqubo kanye nezinye izinqubo. Ukudla okwenziwe ngama-bacteria.
UProfesa uProfessor wu Xiaomeng wasesikoleni sesayensi yokudla kanye nobunjiniyela bokudla kwe-China yezolimo eyunivesithi echazwe entabeni nentatheli abavela eChina Concermer News okokuqala ukuvalwa, kanti okwesibili ukufezekisa inzalo yezentengiso kuqala. Ukusetshenziswa okusetshenziswayo kungaba ukufakwa okuqinile okumelwe kumelwe amathini wensimbi yendabuko noma amathini ezingilazi, noma ukufakwa okuguqukayo okufana nezikhwama ze-aluminium foil kanye nezikhwama zokupheka eziphakeme, ezivame ukubizwa ngokuthi ukudla okuthambile okusemathinini. Isibonelo, izikhwama zemifino ezikhwameni ze-aluminium foil ekudleni okuhlukahlukene kokuzishisa, noma izikhwama zokupheka zokupheka ezijwayelekile ezifana nezingcezu zengulube ze-sichuan kanye nezingulube zengulube ezihlangene, konke kungokwesigaba sokudla okusemathinini.
Cishe ngo-2000, njengesigaba sokuqala esithuthukile esimbonini embonini yokudla, ukudla okusemathinini, kancane kancane kubhalwe ngokuthi "okungenampilo".
Ngo-2003, uhlu lwe- "Top Ten Ten Foods Foods eshicilelwe ngubani" (Ukudla okusemathinini kufakwe ohlwini) kubhekwe kabanzi njengokuthi i-fuse yokubanda kokudla okusemathini kubantu. Yize lolu hlu luqondiswe ngokuphelele, ukudla okusemakheni, ikakhulukazi ukudla okungokwesiko "okunzima" (okuhlanganiswe ezitsheni zensimbi noma zengilazi), kubukeka sengathi kunzima ukuvula iphasiwedi yabantu baseChina.
Idatha ikhombisa ukuthi yize ukukhiqizwa kokudla kwezwe lami
Ukudla ukudla okusemathinini kumayelana nokulingana nokudla okulondoloziwe? Le nhlolovo encane ibonisa ukuthi ama-69,68% abaphendulile akuvamile ukuthi athenge ukudla okusemathinini, futhi ama-21,72% abaphenduli bawuthenge ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngasikhathi sinye, yize ama-57.92% wabaphenduli kulula ukuwagcina futhi alungele ukutolika ekhaya, ama-32.58% abaphendulile asakholelwa ukuthi ukudla okusemanzini kusenempilo ekhethini futhi kufanele kube nezindawo eziningi zokugcina.
Eqinisweni, ukudla okusemathinini kungenye yokudla okumbalwa okudinga ukuthi azikho noma zincane.
I- "National Food Security State Stage for ukusetshenziswa kwezithasiselo zokudla" ibeka ngaphezu kwalokho ku-bayberry ye-bayberry ekheniwe (i-acid ye-sodium kanye namantongomane atholakalayo, inani eliphakeme le-solium), inani elisetshenzisiwe le-aund kuvunyelwe, inani eliphakeme lokusebenzisa lingu-0,15 g / kg), lezi zinhlobo ezi-6 zokudla okusemathinini zidinga imithamo ephansi kakhulu yezindawo zokugcina ukubhekana nama-microorgatics athile, futhi okunye akunakwengezwa. okulondolozayo.
Ngakho-ke, yini "iminyaka efriziwe" yokudla okusemathinini okuvame ukugcinwa iminyaka eyi-1 kuye kwengu-3 noma ngaphezulu kokushisa kwegumbi?
I-Wu Xiaomeng itshele intatheli ethi "China ConneCler News" ukuthi ukudla okusemathinini empeleni kuvikelwe ngezindlela ezimbili zobuchwepheshe bokubulala inzalo kanye nesitoreji esivaliwe. Ezimweni eziningi, ukuchitheka kokudla kuthintwa ama-microorganisms anjengegciwane nama-isikhunta. Ukucubungula ukudla okusemathinini ngezindlela zokubulala inzalo ezinjengokushisa okuphezulu nokucindezela okukhulu kungadala inani elikhulu lalawa ma-microorganisms afe. Ngaso leso sikhathi, izinqubo ezinjengokuthi ukuqeda ukuqeda nokubopha zinciphisa kakhulu ukungcoliswa kokudla. Okuqukethwe kwe-oxygen esitsheni esigxile ekukhuleni kwamanye ama-microorganisms angaba khona esitsheni, futhi kuvimba ukudlula komoya-mpilo noma ama-microorganisms ngaphandle kwesitsha esitsheni, kuqinisekisa ukuphepha kokudla. Ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokucubungula ukudla, ubuchwepheshe obusha obunjengomkhathi olawulwayo kanye nokufakwa inzalo kwe-microwave kunesikhashana sokushisa, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi, nokusetshenziswa okusebenzayo.
Ngakho-ke, akudingekile ukukhathazeka ngezindawo eziningi zokulondolozwa emikhiqizweni ekheniwe. I "Science ethandwayo" kwi-Intanethi ethi "Ukudla Ukudla Kwamakhensi kumayelana nokulingana nokudla okulondoloziwe" kungukuthi-astrest ngokuphelele.
Ingabe ukudla okwenziwe ngamakhemili kuyakudla futhi okunempilo?
Inhlolovo yathola ukuthi ngaphezu kokukhathazeka ngezivikeli, ama-24,43% wabaphenduli abekholelwa ukuthi ukudla okusemathinini bekungekusha. Phakathi kwabaphenduli abangaphezu kuka-150 abangemuva kokuthenga "futhi" abalokothi bathenge "ukudla okusemathinini, 77.62% wabaphenduli bakholelwa ukuthi ukudla okusemathinini akukusha.
Yize abanye abathengi sebeqalile ukucabanga ngokukhetha ukudla okusemathinini okulula ukuwugcina ngenxa yezinto ezinjengezinto eziphilayo kanye nokulawula kanye nokugcina indawo ekhaya, lokhu akukashintshile "umbono wawo wokuba" ukuqina "kwawo.
Eqinisweni, ukuvela kobuchwepheshe bokucubungula ekheniwe uqobo ukugcina ukudla kusha.
I-Wu Xiaomeng yachaza ukuthi ukudla okufana nenyama nezinhlanzi kuzophawula ngokushesha uma kungacutshungulwa ngesikhathi. Uma imifino nezithelo kungacutshungulwa ngesikhathi ngemuva kokukhethwa, izakhamzimba zizoqhubeka zilahlekelwe. Ngakho-ke, ezinye izinhlobo ezinamaketanga aphelele okuhlinzekwa ngokuvamile zikhetha isikhathi esivuthiwe ngokukhiqizwa okukhulu kwezithako futhi kubenze basha, futhi lonke inqubo yokusebenza kanye nenqubo yokucubungula ngisho nokuthatha isikhathi esingaphansi kwamahora ayi-10. Akukho okunye ukulahleka kwezakhi zomsoco kunendlela yezithako ezintsha ezithatha ukukha, ezokuthutha, ukuthengisa kanye nesiqandisi somthengi.
Vele, amanye amavithamini anokubekezelela ukushisa okuphansi alahlekelwa ukushisa kwawo ngesikhathi sokuwafaka, kepha izakhamzimba eziningi ziyagcinwa. Lokhu kulahlekelwa nakho kungeqi ukulahleka kwezakhi ezivela emifino emithonjeni yansuku zonke ephekwe ekhaya.
Kwesinye isikhathi, ukudla okusemathinini angaba yinzuzo ekugcinweni kwamavithamini. Isibonelo, utamatisi onamakhekhe, yize okuqukethwe inzalo, okuqukethwe okuningi kwevithamini C kusekhona lapho bephuma efektri, futhi bazinzile. Esinye isibonelo izinhlanzi ezikheniwe. Ngemuva kokushisa okuphezulu kanye nokufakwa kwengcindezi ephezulu kwengcindezelo, hhayi kuphela inyama namathambo enhlanzi ethambile, kepha futhi nenani elikhulu le-calcium lichithwa. Okuqukethwe kwe-calcium kwebhokisi lezinhlanzi ezikheniwe kungaba njalo izikhathi eziyi-10 kunalokho kwezinhlanzi ezintsha zesisindo esifanayo. I-Iron, i-zinc, iodine, iodium namanye amaminerali ezinhlanzi ngeke ilahleke.
Kungani "Ukudla" Kokudla Kwekheni "
Ezimweni eziningi, kunconywa ukuthi abathengi baye ezitolo ezinkulu ezinkulu noma izitolo ezinkulu ukuthenga imikhiqizo kubakhiqizi abajwayelekile, futhi bahlulele ikhwalithi yokudla okusemathinini kusuka ezicini zokubukeka, ukupakisha, ikhwalithi yemizwa, ilebula, kanye nomkhiqizo.
I-Wu Xiaomeng ikhumbuze ukuthi amathini amathini ajwayelekile wensimbi kufanele abe nesimo esiphelele, akukho deformation, akukho monakalo, azikho izindawo zokugqwala, bese ikhava engezansi kufanele ibe yi-concave ngaphakathi; Isikhungo sekhava yensimbi yamakati ebhodlela lengilazi kufanele acindezeleke kancane, futhi okuqukethwe kufanele kubhekwe ngokusebenzisa umzimba webhodlela. Isimo kufanele siqedwe, isobho licacile, futhi akukho ukungcola.
Isikhumbuzo esikhethekile ukuthi uma uhlangabezana nalezi zimo ezilandelayo, noma ngabe ulingisa kangakanani okuqukethwe yi-can, ungayidli.
Eyodwa ingu- "Fat Laving", okungukuthi, ithangi lokunwebisa. Isizathu esiyinhloko sokwanda kwe-can kungenzeka ukuthi ingaphakathi lentengo lingcoliswe ama-microorganisms futhi likhiqize igesi. Lawa magesi aqongelela ngezinga elithile, elizoholela ekuguqukeni kwe-can. Ngakho-ke, ukudla okusemathinini "kuthola isisindo", ifulege elibomvu elicacile kakhulu elibi kakhulu.
Okwesibili, ukufakwa okusemathinini kuvuza futhi kubunjiwe. Enqubweni yokugcina kanye nokuhamba kwemikhiqizo ekheniwe, ngenxa yamaqhubu kanye nezinye izizathu, ukufakwa komkhiqizo kuzobe kuchithwa, futhi ukuvuza komoya esitobhini sesivalo. Ukuvuza komoya kubangela ukuba imikhiqizo ekwazi ukuxhumana nomhlaba wangaphandle, futhi ama-microorganisms angasebenzisa ithuba lokungena.
Inhlolokhono ithole ukuthi ama-93.21% abaphendulile abenze isinqumo esifanele salokhu. Kodwa-ke, cishe ama-7% abaphenduli abekholelwa ukuthi ama-bump abangelwe ngesikhathi sokuhamba ayengeyona inkinga enkulu, futhi akhethe ukuthenga nokudla.
I-Wu Xiaomeng yakhumbuza ukuthi inyama enamakhemikhali kanye nezithelo nemifino akusindayo kakhulu, futhi kunconywa ukuyidla ngasikhathi sinye ngemuva kokuvula. Uma ungakwazi ukukuqeda, kufanele uyithulule kwi-koqweqwe lwawo, ceramic noma epulasitiki yokudla, uphawu ngesongo lepulasitiki, ligcine esiqandisini, futhi lilidle ngokushesha okukhulu.
Ngokuqondene nesoso sikashukela esigabeni nejamu, okuqukethwe ushukela ngokuvamile kungama-40% -65%. Ukukhuluma, akulula ukuwohloka ngemuva kokuvula, kepha akufanele kube kungakhathali. Uma ungakwazi ukudla konke ngasikhathi sinye, kufanele umboze imbiza, noma uyithulule kwesinye isitsha bese ulinamathisela ngokugoqwa kwepulasitiki, bese uyigcina esiqandisini, bese uzama ukuyidla kungakapheli izinsuku ezimbili noma ezintathu. Ekwindla nasebusika, ingagcinwa izinsuku ezimbalwa.
Izixhumanisi ezihlobene: ezentengiso ze-aspric
Ukudla okusemathinini akuwona umnyuzili ngokuphelele, kepha kuntiyela ukuhweba. I-Commerce Merelity ibhekisela ku-State lapho ukudla amakhemikhali, ngemuva kokufudumeza ukushisa okulinganiselayo, akuqukethe ama-microgenic microorganisms, futhi aqukethe ama-microoorganisms angewona ama-microgenic anganda kuwo emazingeni okushisa ajwayelekile. Esimweni sezentengiselwano, ukudla okusemathinini kungaqinisekiswa ukuthi kuphephile ukusetshenziswa.
Isikhathi sePosi: Jan-04-2023